Well-developed and full breasts are curves that many women pursue. Women with flat chests sometimes feel embarrassed and lack confidence in social situations. The size of a woman’s breasts is generally related to genetics and nutritional development, and it varies from person to person. Additionally, women’s breasts may change due to weight loss, pregnancy, and aging, leading to issues such as sagging, atrophy, laxity, or loss of elasticity.

The overall beauty of the breasts also includes the shape of the areola and nipple. Many people are born with imperfections such as large areolas or elongated nipples. Especially after pregnancy and breastfeeding, the color of the areola and nipple may darken, and their shape may enlarge and protrude, affecting the overall appearance of the breasts.

Breast ptosis is a normal consequence of aging where the breast tissue sags lower on the chest and the nipple points downward. The rate at which a woman develops ptosis depends on many factors including genetics, smoking, body mass index, number of pregnancy , the size of breasts before pregnancy, and age.

The size and shape of areolae are also highly variable, with those of sexually mature women usually being larger. Human areolae are mostly circular in shape, but many women have areolae that are noticeably elliptical. The average diameter of mature women have an average of 38.1 mm (1.5 in), but sizes range up to 100 mm (4 in) or greater. Lactating women, or women with particularly large breasts, may have even larger areolae.

Inverted or sunken nipples are a phenomenon resulting from congenital obstruction of duct growth, causing the nipples to retract. This not only affects their appearance but may also pose challenges for personal hygiene care.